Are you old enough to remember the days when we needed a dialup telephone modem to get online and download speeds were so slow that it could take several minutes to download even a low resolution picture? It also meant that when we were online we could no longer use our phone lines for telephone calls. Although it was enormously inconvenient, the thrill of getting online made up for all the frustrations we had to endure, though if we wanted to download just a single song it could take over half an hour.
Over time things improved slowly, though it was not until the turn of the century that broadband was introduced generally. In internet parlance, the term broadband refers to online connections that are faster than the 56 kilobits per second (kb) data speeds that is the maximum speed available via a dial-up modem, though generally the minimum interconnection speed that can officially be described as broadband is 256 kb.
Initially high speed broadband using fibre optic cable became available, but it was so expensive that it was restricted to companies and universities, though such was the demand for high speed services that it was not long before high speed connections using copper became available. The technology that made this possible is called ADSL technology (Asymmetric digital subscriber line) and this increased data transfer speed to 512 Kbit/s, though at first even that was too expensive for wide-scale use.
The beauty of ADSL is that a micro-filter can be used in a home phone socket that allows a single copper phone line to carry both an analogue signal for voice communications and a digital signal for internet access. Soon competition forced prices down and performance improved, though at first BT had a monopoly as it owned all the phone lines. Eventually government legislation meant that lines could be unbundled and many more suppliers were able to provide broadband services.
Also the cost of cable broadband fell enormously, and nowadays cable broadband is as affordable as copper, and very much better in terms of performance. With copper the very fastest broadband speeds are 20 megabits per second (mb) though only very few people can benefit from that as speeds reduce with increasing distance the user is from the exchange and the number of people who are online. With cable 50 mb broadband is achievable currently and it is anticipated that before too long the maximum will rise to 100 mb and faster.
